Introduction:
Nowadays many industries are using robots due to their high level of performance and reliability and which is a great help for human beings. The obstacle avoidance robotics is used for detecting obstacles and avoiding the collision. This is an autonomous robot. The design of the obstacle avoidance robot requires the integration of many sensors according to their .It is important to understand how the ultrasonic sensor works because this sensor will have important role in detecting obstacle. The basic principle behind the working of ultrasonic sensor is to note down the time taken by sensor to transmit ultrasonic beams and receiving the ultrasonic beams after hitting the surface. Then further the distance is calculated using the formula. Obstacle detection is the primary requirement of this autonomous robot. The robot gets the information from the surrounding area through mounted sensors on the robot. Some sensing devices used for obstacle detection like bump sensors, infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, etc. The ultrasonic sensor is most suitable for obstacle detection and it is of low cost and has a high ranging capability.
Tools Used:
HARDWARE:
SOFTWARE:
Challenges:
- Automatic change overs of traffic signals
- Intruder alarm system
- Counting instruments access switches parking meters
- Back sonar of automobiles
Building Process:
Youtube Video link:[Login to see the link]
Code
//ARDUINO OBSTACLE AVOIDING CAR//
// Before uploading the code you have to install the necessary library//
//AFMotor Library https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-motor-shield/library-install //
//NewPing Library https://github.com/livetronic/Arduino-NewPing//
//Servo Library https://github.com/arduino-libraries/Servo.git //
// To Install the libraries go to sketch >> Include Library >> Add .ZIP File >> Select the Downloaded ZIP files From the Above links //
#include <AFMotor.h>
#include <NewPing.h>
#include <Servo.h>
#define TRIG_PIN A0
#define ECHO_PIN A1
#define MAX_DISTANCE 200
#define MAX_SPEED 190 // sets speed of DC motors
#define MAX_SPEED_OFFSET 20
NewPing sonar(TRIG_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE);
AF_DCMotor motor1(1, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor2(2, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor3(3, MOTOR34_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor4(4, MOTOR34_1KHZ);
Servo myservo;
boolean goesForward=false;
int distance = 100;
int speedSet = 0;
void setup() {
myservo.attach(10);
myservo.write(115);
delay(2000);
distance = readPing();
delay(100);
distance = readPing();
delay(100);
distance = readPing();
delay(100);
distance = readPing();
delay(100);
}
void loop() {
int distanceR = 0;
int distanceL = 0;
delay(40);
if(distance<=15)
{
moveStop();
delay(100);
moveBackward();
delay(300);
moveStop();
delay(200);
distanceR = lookRight();
delay(200);
distanceL = lookLeft();
delay(200);
if(distanceR>=distanceL)
{
turnRight();
moveStop();
}else
{
turnLeft();
moveStop();
}
}else
{
moveForward();
}
distance = readPing();
}
int lookRight()
{
myservo.write(50);
delay(500);
int distance = readPing();
delay(100);
myservo.write(115);
return distance;
}
int lookLeft()
{
myservo.write(170);
delay(500);
int distance = readPing();
delay(100);
myservo.write(115);
return distance;
delay(100);
}
int readPing() {
delay(70);
int cm = sonar.ping_cm();
if(cm==0)
{
cm = 250;
}
return cm;
}
void moveStop() {
motor1.run(RELEASE);
motor2.run(RELEASE);
motor3.run(RELEASE);
motor4.run(RELEASE);
}
void moveForward() {
if(!goesForward)
{
goesForward=true;
motor1.run(FORWARD);
motor2.run(FORWARD);
motor3.run(FORWARD);
motor4.run(FORWARD);
for (speedSet = 0; speedSet < MAX_SPEED; speedSet +=2) // slowly bring the speed up to avoid loading down the batteries too quickly
{
motor1.setSpeed(speedSet);
motor2.setSpeed(speedSet);
motor3.setSpeed(speedSet);
motor4.setSpeed(speedSet);
delay(5);
}
}
}
void moveBackward() {
goesForward=false;
motor1.run(BACKWARD);
motor2.run(BACKWARD);
motor3.run(BACKWARD);
motor4.run(BACKWARD);
for (speedSet = 0; speedSet < MAX_SPEED; speedSet +=2) // slowly bring the speed up to avoid loading down the batteries too quickly
{
motor1.setSpeed(speedSet);
motor2.setSpeed(speedSet);
motor3.setSpeed(speedSet);
motor4.setSpeed(speedSet);
delay(5);
}
}
void turnRight() {
motor1.run(FORWARD);
motor2.run(FORWARD);
motor3.run(BACKWARD);
motor4.run(BACKWARD);
delay(500);
motor1.run(FORWARD);
motor2.run(FORWARD);
motor3.run(FORWARD);
motor4.run(FORWARD);
}
void turnLeft() {
motor1.run(BACKWARD);
motor2.run(BACKWARD);
motor3.run(FORWARD);
motor4.run(FORWARD);
delay(500);
motor1.run(FORWARD);
motor2.run(FORWARD);
motor3.run(FORWARD);
motor4.run(FORWARD);
}
Reference Links:
